All Galaxies are Embedded in Dark-Matter Haloes --Astronomers Ask Why?

The largest galaxies within the largest halos of dark matter also harbor the most massive black holes, which has led to speculation that exotic physics controls the growth of black holes and their link to massive dark matter halos.

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute of Extraterrestrial Physics, the University Observatory Munich and the University of Texas in Austin conducted an extensive study of galaxies to prove that black hole mass is not directly related to the mass of the dark matter halo but rather appears to be determined by the formation of the galaxy bulge.

All galaxies are embedded in halos of so-called dark matter, which extends beyond the visible edge of the galaxy and dominates its total mass. This component cannot be observed directly, but can be measured through its effect on the motion of stars, gas and dust. The nature of this dark matter is still unknown, but scientists believe that it is made up of exotic particles unlike the normal (baryonic) matter, which the Earth, Sun and stars are made up.

The other invisible component in a galaxy is the super-massive black hole at its center. Our own Milky Way harbours a black hole which is some four million times heavier than our Sun. Such gravity monsters, or even larger ones, have been found in all luminous galaxies with central bulges where a direct search is feasible; most and possibly all bulgy galaxies are believed to contain a central black hole. However, this component can also not be observed directly, the mass of the black hole can only be inferred from the motion of stars around it.

In 2002, it was speculated that a tight correlation between the mass of the black hole and the outer rotation velocities of the galaxy disk may exist, which is dominated by the dark matter halo, suggesting that the unknown physics of exotic dark matter somehow controls the growth of black holes.

On the other hand, it had already been shown a few years earlier that the masses of black holes are well correlated with bulge mass or luminosity. Since larger galaxies in general also contain larger bulges, it remained unclear which of the correlations is the primary one driving the growth of black holes.
 
To test this idea, the astronomers carried out high-quality spectral observations of many disk, bulge and pseudobulge galaxies. The increased accuracy of the resulting galaxy dynamics parameters led them to the conclusion that there is almost no correlation between dark matter and black holes.

By studying galaxies embedded in massive dark halos with high rotation velocities but small or no bulges, John Kormendy and Ralf Bender tried to answer this question. They indeed found that galaxies without a bulge -- even if they are embedded in massive dark matter halos -- can at best contain very low mass black holes. Thus, they could show that black hole growth is mostly connected to bulge formation and not to dark matter.

“It is hard to conceive how the low-density, widely distributed non-baryonic dark matter could influence the growth of a black hole in a very tiny volume deep inside a galaxy,” says Ralf Bender from the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics and the University Observatory Munich.

“It seems much more plausible that black holes grow from the gas in their vicinity, primarily when the galaxies were forming,” added John Kormendy, of the University of Texas.

In the accepted scenario of structure formation, galaxy mergers occur frequently, which scrambles disks, allowing gas to fall into the center, thus trigger starbursts, and feed black holes. The observations carried out by Kormendy and Bender indicate that this must indeed be the dominant process of black hole formation and growth.

The Daily Galaxy via the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft and nature.com

Comments

[Tim]

It irks me to constantly read headlines like this. Stating something exists because of inference is not "scientific". So why are writers of this material constantly writing as though we can actually see dark matter as a halo around a galaxy? If that were the case, we would know what it is!

[Luke]

Tim,

I don't really understand your problem with the story, it set out exactly what our evidence is for dark matter and never claimed that we could directly see it.

Would you also have a problem with them discussing the air in my lungs in such concrete terms? I certainly can't see it but I can observe its effects clearly enough to be pretty confident of its existence. What is fundamentally different about dark matter? The observational evidence is less strong for dark matter but the basic principle remains the same. We can't see it but we can see extremely clear evidence of its effects.

(Yes, I'm aware that air does have optical effects and can, in many senses, be "seen" but it is invisible to the naked eye in small volumes and so some inference is required to be sure that I am, in fact, expelling air from my lungs when I breathe out.)

[ekul]

stfu faggot

[MkV]

I find the whole problem of Dark Matter one of extreme interest. On the one hand, we have scientists making observations that support its existence through the motions of matter in our universe indicating that they're being affected by something we cannot see. It would be likely that there's some unexplainable matter in existence that's affecting things in this manner. However, I also feel that this is a cop-out. Luke, you said yourself that we infer the existence of air because we can't see it through normal observation. But we know what it's made of. We can measure it. We can detect its presence in our environment or in others. I suppose if you had no means to measure it you'd think of it as simply an ever-present yet invisible force. This is how we see Dark Matter. This is, as I said, a cop out. We don't think of air as previously described, yet we DO think of Dark Matter this way. None of the popular theories of Dark Matter explain WHAT it is or even WHY it is. They just say "It's a mysterious form of matter that behaves irrationally, and we cannot see or measure it but we know it's there."

What I think (Now I'll admit right up front that I have no degree in this field, but I find it an amusing hobby to postulate and come up with theories) is that the phenomenon we know of as Dark Matter is actually gravitational bleedthrough from parallel universes in which there is a greater concentration of matter (And thus gravity) than there is in this universe in the same general location of space. Science claims to have proven that parallel universes exist, and they have yet to explain why gravity is so weak. My theory wraps up both of these problems rather nicely. Feel free to poke any holes in this theory that you want. I won't take offense. ;)

[Justin]

I'd have to say they are all embedded in dark matter halos to regulate the control of the galaxy by swirling around the dark matter that the black hole produces to keep the energy and matter separate from each other. Dark matter is probably a non-reusable energy that you cant take control and use up. That way it keeps everything spread apart. Like as the salt plays a vital role in our oceans, dark matter plays an important role in keeping galaxies separate for regulating the control of the species. Just my guess though.

[Ivar Nielsen]

THE DARK AGE OF SCIENCE

The whole issue of “dark this and that” is the result of confused gravity ideas.

Quote 1:
"Our own Milky Way harbors a black hole which is some four million times heavier than our Sun".

AD: This is not correct and it has been scientifically disproved by the "galactic rotation anomaly" where objects in our galaxy are orbiting at the same speed all over in the galactic disc, directly contradicting the Newtonian celestial movements around a so called “gravity centre”- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_rotation_curve

This was why scientist inserted the very speculative “dark matter” in order to save the concrete disproven law and hypothesis.

Quote 2:
“However, this component (gravity monsters) can also not be observed directly, the mass of the black hole can only be inferred from the motion of stars around it”.

AD: This is correct – but when scientist then really observes the celestial movement of objects around our galaxy centre, the gravtiation hypothesis are DIRECTLY CONTRADICTED by concrete instrumental observations!

- The cosmologist doesn´t adjust the gravity laws and their hypothesis even when directly contradicted – but they adjust the Universe by adding all kind of strange counterintuitive dark stuff and energies.

This is not accordingly to the scientific method! This is “adding epicycles”! This is VERY BAD SCIENCE!

No wonder that cosmologists/astrophysicists are getting nowhere and even more confused and surprised!

NB: SOME smooth and very luminous spiral galaxies shows really an inwards going movement which SEEMINGLY confirms the Newtonian celestial movement, but this movement is not caused via “collapse of the gasses and dust in a pre-galactic disc” or a heavy gravity object in the centre, but only via the thermodynamic swirl in the galactic disc where gasses and dust fall into the galactic funnel for further cyclic/circuit star- and planetary formation in the galactic centre.

That is: The formation in all galaxies is logically to be described as a full circuit in a 3D Cell-like pattern. Therefore the Newtonian idea of gravity can only seemingly describe the inwards turning movement in some galaxies, although with the very wrong hypothesis, only describing a quarter of this full formation circuit and nothing more.

The newtonian idea/hypothesis/explanation takes scientifically a full stop when gas and matter are reaching the so called “gravity event horizon” in galaxies and the cosmologist don’t get it right before they bin the non dynamic gravity laws and ideas.

Ivar Nielsen
Natural Philosopher

[HoloGramUniverse.Wordpress.com]

They invent make up dark matter to make money looking for what they do not understand. They cannot find even normal gravity it is a pseudo force. The halos surround galaxies because of EM forces that includes huge bubbles discovered outside our own galaxy. Plasma is 99.9% all outer space and everything learned comes entirely from Electromagnetic waves including all techniques with false interpretations for inferred black holes, dark matter missing gravity particles, mysterious dark energy, phony higgs, white holes and no gravity waves (total failure big bang) Stop believing in and kissing the behinds of dark matter scientists and their phony particles. EM forces continue to further explain all outer space phenomena, as more scientists show facts that "black hole" have polarity and EM forces, and jets are EM powered not at all gravitational.
Check out my stories and learn not to be fooled by greedy society at
http://holographicgalaxy.blogspot.com

http

[HoloGramUniverse.Wordpress.com]

Ivar Neilsen has published papers on Arxix and supports a filamentary living plasma like cell structure for galaxies. This theory continues to gain supportive evidence, as more powerful microscopes show striking similarities. photos of dying cells like supernovas explode at high temperature and evaporate. Stars form in globules with high carbon content...many findings I am researching and writing a new story about filamentary life.

[Ivar Nielsen]

@HoloGramUniverse.Wordpress.com,

We certainly agree on the overall cosmological Electric Universe and Plasma Cosmology views!

- It is very strange that modern cosmological scientists just use the only unknown consensus "basic force of gravity" instead of the other 3 known electric/magnetic forces and the thermodynamics.

Regarding my vixra papers, read more here:

"New Solar and Galaxy Formation Knowledge" - http://vixra.org/abs/1109.0013
And:
"The Milky Way Mythology and the Stories of Creation" - http://vixra.org/abs/1109.0065

- Interpreting mythology in a modern way, you can get more logical and circular knowledge than modern speculations about cosmos.

The Story of Creation states that our Solar System was created directly out from the Milky Way centre from the "Primordial Mound" = the bulged Milky Way centre.

This mythological telling of the galactic formation is confirmed by the "galactic rotation anomaly" where all objects in our galaxy orbits the centre at the same speed because the objects gained the same orbital momentum from the galatic centre when gently slunged out in the galactic disc.

Regards Ivar

[Justin]

What is dark mater? Is it created in stars, or is it like the opposite of water or something to that nature. I swear water is a weird quantum object with weird properties and it has something to do with dark matter or energy. I don't know but why is it so illusive?

[Justin]

Matter*

[rc helicopters]

I'd have to say they are all embedded in dark matter halos to regulate the control of the galaxy by swirling around the dark matter that the black hole produces to keep the energy and matter separate from each other.

[HoloGramUniverse.Wordpress.com]

Dark matter only invents missing gravity to explain observation. The most absurd violation of the Copernican principle of universal uniformity everywhere is most pronounced by belief that the largest dark matter galaxy known in the entire universe is our own nearby tiny 2,000 star satellite dwarf galaxy seque I, believed 99% dark matter to keep 2,000 stars orbiting its center not flying away by gravitational force alone. Clearly they are wrong that gravity keeps stars orbiting within a galaxy, so the terms to describe dark matter are :
1) Elusive eludes all methods of detection.
2) Does not react to light nor emit absorb anything.
3) Does not interact with anything nor ordinary matter.

Obvious conclusion: Electic magnetic Plasma Phenomena do not obey laws of gravity.

http://Holographicgalaxy@blogspot.com